The accumulation of E. coli: A threat to health?

Germany and Belgium Witness EHEC Outbreaks: Investigations Underway

EHEC (enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli), a potentially dangerous strain of intestinal bacterium, has been causing concern in Germany and Belgium recently. This pathogenic strain, commonly found in ruminants like cattle, produces Shiga toxins, potent cell poisons that can lead to severe diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a complication that can result in kidney failure.

In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, over 130 cases have been recorded this year, compared to 80 in the previous year. The number has risen to 17 as of the latest reports. Children are particularly affected, with several requiring intensive care. Authorities are investigating various possible sources, but have not yet found a clearly identifiable pattern.

The situation in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is not considered alarming, but it is urgent to clarify all important questions. Hygiene and caution when handling food are recommended to protect oneself from EHEC infection. Raw animal products should be thoroughly cooked, and fruit and vegetables should be thoroughly washed.

The causes of the EHEC outbreaks in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Belgium are currently unclear. Investigations have not yet identified a common source, and health authorities state there is no evidence that the two outbreaks are related. However, the EHEC infections in Belgium are believed to be caused by the same type of bacterium, suggesting a common source.

The increase in cases in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern recalls an outbreak in Germany in 2011, which resulted in around 3,800 cases and over 50 deaths. Contaminated sprouts from Egypt-imported fenugreek seeds were identified as the likely cause of the 2011 outbreak.

In Belgian nursing homes, around 20 people have fallen ill with EHEC, with at least four deaths reported. Children are particularly at risk due to their underdeveloped immune system and organs.

The search for the origin of the EHEC infections is likened to detective work, requiring interviews about common places visited and meals consumed. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI) does not see any indications of an increase in EHEC cases in other regions of Germany.

EHEC infections occur regularly, with over 3,440 cases recorded nationwide in 2023, around 4,570 in 2024, and approximately 3,660 so far this year (as of August 27). It is not yet clear how or whether the outbreaks in Germany and Belgium are related.

The authorities in both countries are urging vigilance and are asking the public to report any suspected cases to their local health authorities. It is crucial to maintain good hygiene practices and to cook food thoroughly to minimise the risk of EHEC infection. The investigations are ongoing, and updates will be provided as more information becomes available.