Sexual dimorphism influences the trajectory of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
In a groundbreaking study supervised by Professor Stefanie Heilbronner of the University of Munich, researchers have shed light on the complex interplay between sex, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ).
The study, known as PsyCourse, assessed a diverse group of 1516 individuals, comprising 543 with BD, 517 with SZ, and 456 healthy controls. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were thoroughly evaluated.
The findings reveal some striking differences between the two groups. Both females and males with SMI (schizoaffective, bipolar, and schizophrenia) showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the BD group demonstrated better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group.
Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory and psychomotor speed than males. On the other hand, differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ.
Significant interactions were identified in age, age at treatment, illness duration, illicit drug use, and smoking. These findings underscore the importance of considering both sex and diagnosis in clinical assessments and treatments.
Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders. By understanding these interactions, healthcare professionals can potentially tailor treatment plans to better suit each patient's unique needs.
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