Observations on diabetes through zebrafish yield novel discoveries

In a groundbreaking study led by Professor Nikolay Ninov at the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), part of the Technical University of Dresden, an international research team is investigating the sensitivity of beta cells in the pancreas. The team's focus is on understanding the role of these cells in maintaining constant blood sugar levels and the development of diabetes and metabolic disorders.

The study has revealed the existence of a unique group of beta cells, known as "First Responder" cells. These cells are more sensitive and react faster to changes in blood sugar levels than other beta cells. They are responsible for quickly reacting to rising blood sugar levels and coordinating insulin release, playing a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels.

The dysfunction or loss of First Responder cells contributes to the development of diabetes and other metabolic disorders by impairing the body's ability to regulate blood glucose. Professor Ninov suggests that these cells might also serve as a "control center for the regulation of the activity of the remaining beta cells."

The research team is also investigating the connection between low vitamin B6 levels and the occurrence of metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes. First Responder cells produce a key enzyme that converts inactive vitamin B6 into an active form for cells. The active form of vitamin B6, produced by First Responder cells, is essential for regulating the activity of other beta cells.

The team's findings could pave the way for the development of targeted treatments for diabetes and metabolic disorders. By understanding the role of First Responder cells and their relationship with vitamin B6, researchers hope to develop new strategies for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels and preventing the onset of diabetes and related disorders.

To study the pancreas's workings, the research team is using zebrafish, a small tropical fish with a pancreas similar to a human's and transparent skin. This allows the team to observe the pancreas's activity in real-time, providing valuable insights into the regulation of blood sugar levels and the development of diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

The discovery of First Responder cells could provide a significant step forward in our understanding of the complex interplay between beta cells and their regulation in maintaining blood sugar levels. This research could lead to new insights into the origins of diabetes and potentially new treatment methods for this widespread disease.