Report: Nicotine is always dangerous - regardless of its form - Nicotine products still threaten health despite EU regulations
Nicotine products remain a growing health concern across Europe, despite existing regulations. Research confirms that nicotine itself harms the heart and blood vessels, regardless of how it is consumed. Experts warn that newer alternatives like e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches do not reduce risks—and may even encourage smoking among young people.
The Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) was introduced in 2014 to standardise nicotine regulations across the EU. It banned youth-targeted advertising and restricted marketing tactics aimed at minors. However, the use of e-cigarettes, heated tobacco, and nicotine pouches has since risen sharply, especially among younger users.
Current evidence confirms that switching to e-cigarettes or nicotine pouches does not significantly lower health risks. Without stronger EU-wide controls, aggressive marketing could continue driving youth uptake. Researchers stress the need for ongoing studies to fully understand the long-term impact of these products.
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