Monitoring the progress of mpox a year after worldwide emergency announcement

Mpox Outbreak: A Global Concern

The mpox outbreak, first declared a continental health emergency by the Africa CDC on August 14, 2024, has continued to spread and pose challenges in its control.

As of August 2025, the outbreak affects 26 African countries, up from 13 the previous year. The virus's spread to urban areas and neighboring countries has complicated containment efforts. The World Health Organization declared the mpox outbreak an international public health crisis on August 15, 2024.

The mpox outbreak is primarily driven by the clade 1b strain, which emerged in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in late 2023. This strain of mpox is more severe and has a higher fatality rate compared to previous variants.

The stigma surrounding the disease, particularly due to its association with sexual transmission, has hindered public health campaigns. The impact of stigma and urban spread on the control of the mpox outbreak is a new development not previously mentioned.

The initial vaccine rollout faced challenges, including delayed approvals and logistical issues. The organization has distributed over 3 million vaccine doses to 12 African countries, but only about 90,000 doses from the U.S. pledge had arrived in Africa by July 2025. Half of the remaining U.S. doses were too close to expiration to be used.

In response to the mpox outbreak, the Africa CDC has mobilized resources across the continent, enhancing surveillance, laboratory testing, and community engagement. Experts warn that without sustained international support, mpox could become entrenched in the human population. Without a coordinated response, the risk of future mpox outbreaks increases.

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Despite these challenges, it's crucial to remain vigilant and support ongoing efforts to control the mpox outbreak. Without a doubt, a united and coordinated global response is key to containing this outbreak and preventing future ones.