Jerusalem Syndrome: An Exploration of the Psychological Phenomenon That Occurs in Individuals Visiting Jerusalem

Jerusalem, a city steeped in history and religious significance, has long been a draw for people from around the world. However, for some, a visit to this holy city can lead to an unusual and little-understood condition known as Jerusalem Syndrome.

First clinically described by Heinz Herman in the 1930s, Jerusalem Syndrome is a condition that affects people who visit Jerusalem, causing religious delusions. The validity of Jerusalem Syndrome as a medically verifiable illness is disputed, but its impact on individuals and the city is undeniable.

The Three Types of Jerusalem Syndrome

There are three types of Jerusalem Syndrome, each with its own unique characteristics.

Type 1

Approximately 80 percent of cases fall under Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 patients identify as a specific character from the Bible and have fantastical ideas about Jerusalem's healing properties or its ability to cure sickness through magic.

Type 2

Type 2 Jerusalem Syndrome is defined by a patient history of non-psychotic mental disorders, such as personality disorders that leave patients obsessed with a fixed idea.

Type 3

Type 3 Jerusalem Syndrome is less common and requires no prior history of mental illness. It typically affects general tourists traveling to Jerusalem.

The Symptoms and Behaviour of Jerusalem Syndrome

The symptoms of Jerusalem Syndrome, as described by Dr. Yair Bar-El, include anxiety, a need to explore the city alone, compulsive purification, preparation (ripping up hotel bed sheets to make togas), and removal of all clothing. Upon reaching a holy site in the city, sufferers of Jerusalem Syndrome start preaching to anyone within earshot. In the final stage, individuals with Jerusalem Syndrome beg others to live cleaner, more wholesome lives and spout confused, long-winded speeches about morals.

Staff members at various locations in Jerusalem are trained to identify the signs of Jerusalem Syndrome. If the screaming of sufferers involves religious verses or hymns, they contact medical professionals for assistance.

The Work of Dr. Yair Bar-El

Dr. Yair Bar-El, a psychiatrist at Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center, has written the definitive paper on Jerusalem Syndrome and treats patients exhibiting signs of the syndrome at his centre. His research suggests that Protestants may be particularly susceptible to Jerusalem Syndrome.

One of Dr. Bar-El's patients was a man who was a firefighter and had a family in Iowa. During a visit to Jerusalem, he contracted Jerusalem Syndrome and began preaching on the streets, claiming to be Samson or King David.

The Documentary by Katarzyna Kozyra

Polish artist Katarzyna Kozyra made a documentary about Jerusalem Syndrome, featuring individuals who claim to be religious figures. The documentary offers a unique insight into the lives of those affected by this mysterious condition.

In conclusion, Jerusalem Syndrome is a complex and intriguing condition that continues to be a topic of interest for researchers and the general public alike. While its validity as a medically verifiable illness is disputed, its impact on individuals and the city of Jerusalem cannot be ignored.