Implications and Advantages of Melatonin, the Organic Molecule Influencing Sleep Patterns

Melatonin, a hormone naturally produced by the body, plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It is primarily released during the night and signals the body to rest.

For individuals experiencing sleep disorders related to illnesses, melatonin can help reduce sleep disturbances and latency. However, it's essential to prioritize the adoption of healthy sleep habits and consult with a pediatrician to evaluate the suitability and appropriate dose of melatonin for children.

Specialists advise starting with low doses, between 0.5 and 1 milligram, about thirty minutes before bedtime. It's important to remember that melatonin may interact with various medications such as sedatives, anticonvulsants, antihypertensives, antidepressants, oral contraceptives, diabetes treatments, immunosuppressants, and others. Therefore, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating melatonin into the routine to ensure its suitability in each case.

Melatonin's role extends beyond sleep regulation. It participates in other physiological processes such as regulating blood pressure, glucose levels, body weight, hormones, and body temperature. Ongoing studies explore the potential use of melatonin in treating acid reflux, protecting esophageal mucosa, reducing tinnitus symptoms, and relieving migraines. In people with Alzheimer's disease, it could improve sleep quality and morning alertness.

While melatonin is considered safe for adults and children according to various studies, there are concerns about its long-term effects, especially regarding the onset of puberty, a process linked to the evening decrease in the hormone. The side effects of melatonin supplements are particularly high in pregnant and breastfeeding women, children and adolescents, and people with certain pre-existing conditions. Risks increase with long-term use, potentially causing daytime sleepiness, reduced attention, headaches, blood pressure drop, lowered body temperature, nightmares, weakness, and gait instability.

It's important to note that melatonin crosses the placenta during pregnancy and plays a role in the development of the fetus's circadian rhythms and nervous and endocrine systems. The lack of sufficient studies prevents recommending its use in pregnant women or during breastfeeding.

Taking melatonin before bedtime can reduce the time it takes to fall asleep by almost three minutes and increase the total duration of rest by approximately thirty minutes compared to a placebo. However, these benefits require more studies for confirmation.

In conclusion, while melatonin can offer significant benefits for sleep, it's crucial to approach its use with caution. Professional guidance is essential to ensure correct and individualized use of melatonin. The goal is to find the minimum effective dose under medical guidance, as self-medication involves risks, especially if other medications are being consumed.

Implications and Advantages of Melatonin, the Organic Molecule Influencing Sleep Patterns