Germany's pharmacy vs. GP debate over healthcare access

Germany's healthcare debate pits pharmacies against GPs for patient access

A new debate has emerged over the role of pharmacies in Germany's healthcare system. The Pharmacy Supply Development Act (ApoVWG) proposes giving them wider powers, including dispensing more prescription drugs, offering extra vaccines, and providing preventive health advice. But recent data from the Zi suggests that general practitioners (GPs) already deliver efficient local care, making such changes unnecessary. Germany currently has 55,882 contract-based GPs—over three times the number of pharmacies, which total 17,041. On average, patients reach their nearest GP in just 5 minutes by car, compared to 6.5 minutes for a pharmacy. Distance-wise, the closest GP practice sits 1.1 kilometres away, while the nearest pharmacy is about 1.6 kilometres.

The Zi's CEO, Dr. Dominik von Stillfried, argues that the focus should remain on maximising the potential of GPs to cut down on duplicate exams and fragmented care. He describes them as more than just a first point of contact—they act as diagnosticians, coordinators, and guides through the healthcare system. Expanding pharmacy services, he warns, could clash with the coalition agreement's aim of keeping doctors at the centre of care coordination. Pharmacies still play a vital role in ensuring safe medication supply and offering expert advice. However, the Zi's findings suggest that GPs already provide strong local medical support, reducing the need for broader pharmaceutical services.

The debate highlights the balance between expanding pharmacy roles and maintaining GP-led care. With GPs more accessible and deeply embedded in local healthcare, the Zi's analysis questions whether extending pharmacy authority is necessary. For now, the focus remains on reinforcing the existing system rather than introducing major changes.