Geneticists Successfully Decode High-Resolution Genome of Indian Yak for the First Time

In a groundbreaking development, Indian scientists have successfully completed the first-ever chromosome-level genome sequencing of the Indian yak. Led by Dr. Martina Pukhrambam, Dr. Vijay Paul, and Dr. Mihir Sarkar from the ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, the research offers a comprehensive map of yak genes, providing valuable insights into the genetic basis of traits such as cold tolerance, disease resistance, and milk production.

This genetic blueprint holds significant promise for conservation efforts, breeding programs, and a deeper understanding of the yak's genetic makeup. Dr. Mihir Sarkar, one of the lead researchers, described the development as a major leap in yak research, emphasizing its practical applications in sustainable development and conservation.

Yaks are vital to the survival of high-altitude communities, serving as a primary source of milk, meat, and transportation. However, they are under threat due to shrinking grazing lands, climate change, diseases, and genetic erosion. This genome sequencing, therefore, comes at a crucial time, offering a tool to help protect and conserve this important species.

Dr. Sujay Rakshit, another researcher involved in the project, emphasized the potential of the genomic data in identifying critical genes through comparative analysis with other bovine species, particularly those associated with stress resilience and quality traits. He explained that this information could be instrumental in developing more targeted breeding strategies and improved livestock management.

The research was conducted in collaboration with teams from ICAR-IIAB (Ranchi), ICAR-CIRC (Meerut), and ICAR-CICR (Nagpur). The findings were recently discussed at the Kharif Conference 2025, where the importance of science-backed traditional farming was highlighted as a means to boost yields, lower costs, and ensure fair returns for farmers.

Dr. A.K. Mohanty, a notable figure in the agricultural community, underscored the achievement's pivotal role in sustaining yak populations, essential for maintaining Himalayan biodiversity and supporting rural livelihoods. The Agriculture Minister also acknowledged the significance of the genome sequencing, inaugurating the National Conference on Agriculture for the Kharif Campaign 2025 in New Delhi.

The newly completed genome has been made publicly available to encourage wider scientific collaboration and to accelerate future research and conservation efforts. With this breakthrough, Indian scientists have taken a significant step towards preserving the Indian yak and ensuring its continued contribution to high-altitude communities.

Geneticists Successfully Decode High-Resolution Genome of Indian Yak for the First Time