Frequent use of the filler word 'um' in speech: an examination

In a study led by Delphine Dahan, a researcher and head of a psycholinguistics laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania, the filler word "um" has been found to play a crucial role in conversations.

"Um" is a common filler word used in conversation, serving to fill space while thinking, soften tone, or signal turn holding. It is particularly useful in in-person conversations, as illustrated by Dahan using the example of a handshake. She explains that if a speaker does not provide an account during a conversation, the listener may question their commitment to the conversation. "Um" serves as a signal to the person that you are still there, still thinking, and prevents pauses longer than a second.

In written contexts, "um" is less common compared to spoken language. The Oxford English Dictionary indicates that "um" appears seven times per 1 million written English words. In formal written contexts such as business emails or annual reports, "um" is less common. However, in recent years, young people have begun using "um" in informal contexts, often for humor, confusion, or irony.

The word "um" is easy to say due to its shortness and the use of the "uh" vowel. However, using "um" less requires a conscious effort, and alternatives like "how can I say that?" or "see what I mean?" can be used instead.

Filler words similar to "um" show up across languages and cultures. According to Dahan, if a speaker does not provide an account, the listener may question their commitment to the conversation. This is not unique to English, as filler words serve communicative and cognitive functions, helping speakers manage planning and hold listeners' attention during speech.

In corporate culture and public speaking, a clear argument or point is often made to sound as decisive as possible. This can lead to the avoidance of filler words like "um". However, Dahan states that "um" can receive a lot of criticism and be associated with speakers who are less decisive and clear-minded.

Interestingly, "ah" and "oh" were also used as fillers in Middle English, according to Zafarris. "Ah" and "ha" were used as filler words in 1400s Middle English, and "hem" (as in "hem" and "haw") was used in Middle English and early modern English. The dot-dot-dot bubble in messaging apps functions as a virtual "um", according to Dahan, serving a similar purpose to the filler word in conversation.

In conclusion, "um" is a valuable tool in conversations, helping to manage pauses, soften tone, and signal turn holding. While it may receive criticism in certain contexts, its communicative and cognitive functions cannot be ignored.