Comparing heat pumps and gas boilers: What are the differences?

In the quest for a greener future, governments across the globe are investing heavily in hydrogen-based heating systems. The Japanese government and the European Union, for instance, are funding various projects related to hydrogen technology production, infrastructure, and innovation. One such example is Japan’s Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R), a government-backed pilot project using renewable energy for hydrogen production.

As we move away from traditional energy sources, heat pumps are emerging as a viable alternative to gas boilers. One of the key advantages of heat pumps is their longevity. Compared to gas boilers, which typically last around 15 years, heat pumps can last up to 20-25 years.

However, the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, which offers grants towards the cost of installing heat pumps, is due to end in 2028. For property owners considering a switch, it's essential to plan ahead.

Heat pumps are ideal for well-insulated buildings, as they operate best when a slow, steady heat is required. When it comes to property size, ground source heat pumps are generally better suited to larger properties, while air source heat pumps can be suitable for properties under around 300m2.

Installation is another factor to consider. Heat pumps require more space compared to gas boilers, especially for ground source heat pumps which need outdoor space for a heat loop beneath the ground or a vertical borehole, and air source heat pumps which require at least 3.5 metres of space outside the property and enough space for a hot water cylinder inside the property.

The best time to install a heat pump is when the existing heating system, likely a gas boiler, is reaching the end of its useful life. Ideally, this should be done in the summer when the gas boiler will have to be turned off while the new heating system is being installed.

It's also worth noting that heat pumps require annual servicing from a qualified engineer, similar to gas boilers.

While heat pumps are one alternative to gas boilers, other options such as biomass boilers, infrared heating, hydrogen-ready boilers, and hybrid solar panels may be worth investigating for properties looking to switch.

As we approach the target date for phasing out gas boilers, known as the gas boiler ban, which is set for 2035, the Government will make a decision on the hydrogen strategy by 2026. Boilers are better suited to producing rapid heat in older, less efficient buildings, making the transition to heat pumps or other alternatives increasingly important for properties aiming for energy efficiency and sustainability.