Airborne Turbine Systems for Pilots: Essential Information to Understand

In the unpredictable world of aviation, emergencies can occur without warning. One such emergency is a dual-engine failure or total power loss, a situation that requires immediate action from the pilots. The first step is to fly the aircraft, pitch for glide speed, and establish positive control. Fortunately, modern aircraft like Airbus and Boeing models are equipped with Ram Air Turbines (RATs), emergency power sources that can help keep the plane in the air during such critical moments.

When an emergency arises, the RAT springs into action. In Airbus planes, for instance, the RAT is integrated with one of the hydraulic systems and is typically located in a wing pylon. The RAT's hydraulic pump pressurizes the flight controls, while an emergency generator provides basic electrics, allowing the pilots to glide the aircraft for over 15 minutes with zero thrust.

However, it's important to note that while the RAT provides essential power, it does come with some trade-offs. The landing distance increases since reversers won't be available, and if anti-skid or spoilers aren't fully operational, the distance can increase further. Additionally, only essential systems are powered, so autopilot, anti-ice, passenger services, and some displays may be unavailable.

Pilots should be well-versed in their aircraft's RAT systems. Airbus pilots, for example, need to know their specific RAT airspeed limitations and the location of the manual deploy switch. Awareness and preparedness are key, as being realistic about what the RAT can and cannot do is part of being prepared for potential issues like the loss of autopilot or heavier controls.

The RAT's efficiency might degrade over time due to worn turbine blades or internal wear in hydraulic pumps or electrical generators. Maintenance crews use RAT test rigs or hydraulic mules to test RAT functionality on the ground. Regular testing and maintenance are crucial to ensure the RAT will work perfectly when needed.

Modern full-flight simulators can accurately simulate dual-engine failures and RAT deployments, allowing pilots to be put through these paces in recurrent training sessions. This training not only builds muscle memory but also reduces panic if the situation ever arises in real life.

The importance of the RAT was demonstrated in 2001, when an Air Transat Airbus A330 experienced a massive fuel leak, causing both engines to flame out about 65 nautical miles from the nearest airport. Due to the deployed RAT, the pilots were able to maintain control of the aircraft and navigate to a remote island airfield, saving the lives of all on board.

Despite its importance, the RAT is often overlooked by passengers. The Ram Air Turbine may be a last-ditch system, but it is enormously important for safety. Most passengers have no idea it exists, yet their lives can depend on it. So the next time you board an aircraft, take a moment to appreciate the technology that helps ensure your safe journey.